整理/余冰玥 制图/ 张玉佳

知言养气

察知各式言辞的真意，培养我方的浩然之气。源自《孟子》念念想。“知言”指大致判断各式言辞的真伪、乱骂、善恶，鸠合真知；“养气”主要指教授个东说念主心性与浩气。孟子强调我方善于培养内心的浩然之气，然后形诸外皮的话语抒发上，而别东说念主也能从话语抒发上了解这个东说念主的内心宇宙。

Understanding True Meanings of Statements and Cultivating Uprightness

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First appeared in Mencius， the term zhiyan means to be able to tell whether various statements are truthful， right， and good， in order to gain true knowledge. Yangqi refers to nurturing one's mind and righteousness. Mencius emphasized that he's good at cuiltivating the noble spirit in himself， which is then displayed in outward verbal articulation， and others can also understand this person's inner world from his writing.

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引例

杜诗韩笔是以能百世不灭者，彼自有知言、养气时代。惟其知言，故常有一二见说念语，谈实时局，轮盘亦甚识当世要务。惟其养气，故无纤薄之响。（《曾国藩日志·说念光二十三年二月十八日》）（杜甫的诗、韩愈的著述之是以大致流传百代而不消释，是因为杜甫、韩愈有知言、养气的才气。正因为他们知言，是以普通会有一些洞彻说念理的言语，谈到其时的政治，也很昭彰其时所面对的首要事情。正因为他们养气，是以他们的诗文中莫得纤弱微薄的声息。）

The reason why Du Fu's poems and Han Yu's essays have been read for many generations is that Du Fu and Han Yu understood the true meaning of statements and could foster righteousness. Because they knew the true meaning of statements， their writings are insightful， and they also understood the importance of major political development of the day. As they fostered righteousness， there is not a sense of feebleness or weakness in their poems and writings. (Diaries of Zeng Guofan)

开首：中国后生报

2026年02月02日 02版

发布于：北京市